There are aspects of Einaudi’s considerable intellectual output that are strikingly modern several decades on. These include the need for fiscal prudence and a monetary policy that considers the implications for the real economy. Yet Einaudi also repeatedly and presciently talked about the need for a federation upon which, in their own interests, member states would confer binding powers. He rejected barriers, and pitted the myth of absolute sovereignty against the need for cooperation. At a time of global geopolitical and economic fragmentation, the risks and opportunities linked to climate change, the new technologies, demographics and migration, and the need for peace require joint action at international, and above all, at European level.
